This study collected and analyzed actual conversational data of elementary school students to examine the frequency and distribution of the vocabulary used by them and compared the findings with those of written language to understand the characteristics of spoken vocabulary. After making up an overall vocabulary list based on the conversations among elementary school students, the investigator analyzed the number of speakers and frequency according to vocabulary. The results were summarized by the categories：1) As for uninflected words, while pronouns and spoken words ranked a high place in spoken language, dependent nouns did in written language, which means there was a difference in the vocabulary list；2) The category of declinable words didn't vary much in the list of high-frequency vocabulary compared to other categories. In written language, the list included such words as ‘대하다, 위하다, 통하다, and 의하다.’；3) As for modifiers, while adverbs were placed at a high place in spoken language, pre-nouns did in written language. Pre-nouns that present nature or state were low in frequency both in spoken and written language；4) As for connective words, the subjective postposition “가” and the modifier postposition “의” demonstrated a high frequency in spoken and written language, respectively.；and 5) As for dependent forms, the final endings “어” and “다‘ recorded the top place in spoken and written language, respectively.