The primary purpose of this study is to analyze the complexity emerging from rapidly changing business environments and the accompanying uncertainty, and to conduct a comparative study through a literature review of the approaches that can resolve these issues and the fundamental principles underlying those approaches. However, since there are various types of causes that generate managerial uncertainty, a secondary purpose is to classify these various types and compare and analyze their differences. Research on complexity in business environments has been conducted in various ways depending on the scholar, as well as on the perspective and analytical framework being employed. However, there has been no comparative study that comprehensively analyzes these studies from the perspective of paradigm shifts in approaches and fundamental principles. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize and compare each type of complexity using a conceptual model, and based on this, to propose new approaches and fundamental principles that can resolve real-world complexity. Furthermore, to analyze such complexity and the accompanying uncertainty, scientific paradigm shifts are employed as a framework for comparison and synthesis.