Previous studies have predominantly explored the effects of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on organizational-level performance. However, these studies often fail to reflect how HR systems are actually experienced by employees or their impact on employees’ family domains. This study extends existing research by examining the mediating role of basic psychological needs fulfillment and the moderating effect of performance pressure in the relationship between perceived HPWS and work-family enrichment. Path analysis, based on data from 418 Army officers, revealed a significant positive relationship between perceived HPWS and basic psychological needs fulfillment, with the latter mediating the relationship between HPWS and work-family enrichment. Moreover, performance pressure negatively moderated the relationship between perceived HPWS and basic psychological needs fulfillment, yielding a significant negative indirect effect on work-family enrichment through basic psychological needs fulfillment. These findings offer insights for developing HR systems that foster beneficial relationships between work and family, and provide managerial implications for maximizing these positive effects.