This Study deals on the content system of Korean vocabulary ability assessment. First, this study grasps the current situation of Korean vocabulary ability assessment. Next, This study explores Korean vocabulary ability. Finally, this study suggests an alternative of assessment system of Korean vocabulary ability. The symbolic ability of Korean vocabulary ability is the elaborative and systematic ability of vocabulary concept. So, the ability of definition, discrimination, comparison, contrast, analysis and investigation need to be assessed. And the critical and original ability about vocabulary concept need to be assessed also. The directive ability of Korean vocabulary ability is the expressive and understanding ability of vocabulary. So the choosing and expressive ability of vocabulary, the reflective and expressive ability about vocabulary and the creative ability of vocabulary need to be assessed. Especially these questions, ‘How many words do you know?’ and ‘How do you know words?’ is important in assessment.