After the third grade of elementary school, education enters a crucial stage where basic literacy skills have already been developed, and more advanced learning begins. This study aimed to analyze the vocabulary development patterns of students beyond the third grade, focusing on vocabulary ability and difficulty using data from vocabulary evaluation results. Within these vocabulary development patterns, the study estimated the students’ ability parameters and vocabulary difficulty parameters, particularly emphasizing their understanding of dictionary meanings as measured in vocabulary evaluations. Additionally, the specific pattern of vocabulary development was revealed through an analysis incorporating on both student and vocabulary variables. Student variables consisted of grade, gender, and period of participation in the evaluation, and vocabulary variables consisted of vocabulary grade and vocabulary features to analyze developmental patterns. In addition, vocabulary features consisted of parts of speech, word types, and fields, which have been used as vocabulary education content elements in Korean language education.