Aspects on Audience Consideration of Elementary School Student Writers
Chung Hye Seung
경인교육대학교
Korea Business Review 34No. pp.397-427 (2009)
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to analyze aspects on audience consideration of elementary school student writers. The following five questions were raised for this paper:(1) which degree students consider their audiences when writing? (2) what method they use to consider their audiences when writing? (3) are there differences aspects on students consideration their audiences by grade? (4) are there differences aspects on students consideration their audiences by anticipation audiences? and (5) are there differences aspects on students consideration their anticipation audiences by grade? 4 writing tasks(1 draft writing task and 3 rewriting tasks) were given to 294 second, fourth and sixth graders in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do elementary schools. Students’ texts were analysed in terms of rhetorical moves. The results showed that students were poor at considering their audiences and they used mainly attracting strategy when writing. Students’ texts rarely show informing and replying moves because students had not competences enough to control information for their audiences’ prior knowledge and to respond appropriately to their audiences’ expecting response. The results of this study suggests the following. But it’s not appropriate to conclude that the student writers don’t have ability to consider their audiences. Rather students should be taught of specific methods on how to consider of their audiences. They also should be provided with many opportunities to actually write for various audiences outside of class and their peers, and with authentic situations where social interactions are emphasized.
Keywords
독자 고려학생 필자예상 독자독자 고려 방식수사적 이동독자 고려 단서독자 고려 전략고쳐 쓰기
References
- [1] [학위논문] 박민경/독자 고려하기가 쓰기에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구/석사/고려대학교//2008
- [2] [학술지(정기간행물)] 박영민/과학영역의 작문에서 예상독자 유형과 은유의 전략/국어교육학연구/2003/16(16)/189~224/국어교육학회/
- [3] [학술지(정기간행물)] 박영민/작문 교육에서 예상독자의 인식과 처리/청람어문교육/2004/29(29)/135~160/청람어문교육학회/
- [4] [학술지(정기간행물)] 박영민/학생 작문의 다니엘 효과와 예상독자 인식의 방법/새국어교육/2005/70(70)/73~99/한국국어교육학회/
- [5] [학위논문] 유상희/쓰기 과정에서 필자의 독자 고려 양상 연구-대학생의 사고 구술 자료를 바탕으로/석사/고려대학교//2008
- [6] [학술지(정기간행물)] 이아라/글쓰기 과정의 '숨은 독자(Hidden Reader)'-글쓰기 과정에서 독자의 새로운 작용에 관한 새로운 이해-/국어교육학연구/2008/31(31)/393~435/국어교육학회/
- [7] [학술지(정기간행물)] 정희모/글쓰기에서 독자의 의미와 기능/새국어교육/2008/79(79)/393~418/한국국어교육학회/
- [8] [단행본] A Sense of Audience in Written Communication in A Sense of Audience in Written Communication/Roth,R.G//1990/175~187///
- [9] [학술지(정기간행물)] Berkenkotter, C/Understanding a Writer’s Awareness of Audience,College Composition and/Communication/1981/32/388~399//
- [10] [단행본] The Development of Writing Abilities,Illinois:National Council of Teachers of English,pp/Britton, J./National Council of Teachers of English/1975/11~18///
- [11] [단행본] Audience Expectations and Teacher Demands/Brooke, R/Southern Illinois University Press/1989/~///
- [12] [단행본] Common-core and Specific Approaches to the Teaching of Academic Writing in Academic Writing in a Second Language/Dudley-Evans, T/Ablex/1995/293~312///
- [13] [학술지(정기간행물)] Ede, L/Audience Addressed/Audience Invoked:The Role of Audience in Composition Theory and Pedagogy/College Composition and Communication/1984/35(2)/155~171//
- [14] [학술지(정기간행물)] Ede, L./Audience:An Introduction to Research/College Composition and Communication/1984/35(2)/140~154//
- [15] [학술지(정기간행물)] Elbow, P./My eyes as I Speak:An Argument for Ignoring Audience/College English/1987/49(1)/50~69//
- [16] [학술지(정기간행물)] Flower, L/The Cognition of Discovery:Defining a Rhetorical Problem/College Composition and Communication/1980/31(1)/21~32//
- [17] [학술대회논문] Fontaine, S. I./Audience Awareness and the Interpersonal Function of Writing/Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Conference on College Composition and Communication/1987//~/
- [18] [학술지(정기간행물)] Frank, L. A./Writing to Be Read:Young Writer’s Ability to Demonstrate Audience Awareness When Evaluated by Their Readers/Research in the Teaching of English/1992/26(3)/277~298//
- [19] [단행본] Argumentative Writing of Students:Adult Socio-Cognitive Development in A Sense of Audience in Written Communication/Hays, J. N./Sage Publications/1990/248~266///
- [20] [단행본] Introduction:Theories and research on audience in written communication in A Sense of Audience in Written Communication/Kirsch, G/Sage Publications/1990/13~21///
- [21] [단행본] Experienced Writers’ Sense of Audience and authority in A Sense of Audience in Written Communication/Kirsch, G./Sage Publications/1990/216~230///
- [22] [학술지(정기간행물)] Kroll, B. M./Writing for Readers:Three Perspectives on Audience/College Composition and Communication/1984/35(2)/172~185//
- [23] [단행본] The Writer’s Audience:Fact or Fiction? in A Sense of Audience in Written Communication/Long, R. C./Sage Publications/1990/73~84///
- [24] [단행본] ESL Students’ Use of Audience in A Sense of Audience in Written Communication/Mangelsdorf, K/Sage Publications/1990/231~247///
- [25] [학술지(정기간행물)] Many, J. E/Developing a Sense of Audience:An Examination of one school’s instructional contexts/Reading Horizon/2005/45(4)/321~348//
- [26] [학술지(정기간행물)] McAlexander, P. J./Ideas in Practice:Audience Awareness and Developmental Composition/Journal of Developmental Education/1996/20(1)/28~33//
- [27] [학술지(정기간행물)] Monahan, B. D./Revision Strategies of Basic and Competent Writers as They Write for Different Audiences/Research in the Teaching of English/1984/18/288~304//
- [28] [단행본] Rhetoric’s “Audience” and Linguistics’ “Speech Community”:Implications for Understanding Writing, Reading, and Text in What Writers Know:The Language, Process, and Structure of Written Discourse/Nystrand, M./Academic Press/1982/1~28///
- [29] [학술지(정기간행물)] Oswald, R. A./The Story of Molly:Using Audience Awareness In a Second-Grade Writers’ Workshop/Ohio Reading teacher/2002/35(2)/20~27//
- [30] [학술지(정기간행물)] Park, D. B./The Meanings of “Audience”/College English/1982/44(3)/247~257//
- [31] [학술지(정기간행물)] Piché, G. L/Social Cognition and Writing:Interpersonal Cognitive Complexity and Abstractness and Quality of students’Persuasive Writing/Written Communication/1987/4/69~89//
- [32] [단행본] Audience and Rhetoric/Porter, J. E/Englewood Cliffs/1992/~///
- [33] [학술지(정기간행물)] Rafoth, B. A./Audience Adaptation in the Essays of Proficient and Nonproficient Freshman Writers/Research in the Teaching of English/1985/19/237~253//
- [34] [단행본] The Concept of Discourse Community:Descriptive and Explanatory Adequacy in A Sense of Audience in Written Communication/Rafoth, B. A./Sage Publications/1990/140~152///
- [35] [학술지(정기간행물)] Roth, R.G/The Evolving Audience:Alternatives to Audience Accommodation/College Composition and Communication/1987/38(1)/47~55//
- [36] [단행본] Facilitation of Audience Awareness:Revision Processes of Basic Writers in A Sense of Audience in Written Communication/Rubin, D. L/Sage Publications/1990/280~292///
- [37] [학술지(정기간행물)] Rubin, D. L/Social Cognitive Ability as a Predictor of the Quality of Expository and Persuasive Writing Among College Freshmen/Research in the Teaching of English/1986/20/9~21//
- [38] [학술지(정기간행물)] Rubin, D. L./Social Cognition and Written Communication/Written Communication/1984/1/211~245//
- [39] [단행본] Audience Considerations for Evaluating Writing in Evaluating Writing/Ryder, P. M./National Council Of Teachers of English/1999/93~113///
- [40] [단행본] An investigation of the ability of sixth graders to write with sense of audience, Dissertation/Strange, R. L./Indiana University/1986/~///
- [41] [단행본] Pre-Classical Roots of the Addressed/Invoked Dichotomy of Audience in A Sense of Audience in Written Communication/Willey, R. J./Sage Publications/1990/25~39///
- [42] [학술지(정기간행물)] Wolldman-Bonilla, J. E./Can First-Grade Writers Demonstrate Audience Awareness?/Reading Research Quarterly/2001/36(2)/184~201//
